TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE ---------------------------------------------------------
i
CERTIFICATION
-------------------------------------------------- ii
DEDICATION
-------------------------------------------------------iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
-------------------------------------------iv
TABLE OF CONTENT
----------------------------------------------vi
ABSTRACT
------------------------------------------------------------ix
CHAPTER ONE
1.0
INTRODUCTION
---------------------------------------------------1
1.1
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY--------------------------------1
1.2
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM -------------------------------------3
1.3
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
-----------------------------------------3
1.4
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY --------------------------------4
1.5
LIMITATION OF STUDY -----------------------------------------4
1.6
DEFINITION OF
TERMS-------------------------------------------5
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
-----------------------------------------------7
2.0
INTRODUCTION
----------------------------------------------------7
2.1
NATURE OF DEMOGRAPHY -------------------------------------7
2.2
MORTALITY ANALYSIS
------------------------------------------9
2.3
INFANT MORTALITY
----------------------------------------------12
2.4
CAUSES OF DEATH
------------------------------------------------15
2.5
THE LIFE TABLE -----------------------------------------------------17
CHAPTER THREE
3.0
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
---------------------------------------20
3.1
SOURCES OF DATA COLLECTION
---------------------------------20
3.2
CYCLICAL VARIATION
------------------------------------------------21
3.3
IRREGULAR VARIATION
---------------------------------------------22
3.4
SEASONAL VARIATION
-----------------------------------------------32
3.5
TIME SERIES MODEL
---------------------------------------------------32
3.6
ISOLATING THE TREND -----------------------------------------------25
3.7
MOVING AVERAGE
-----------------------------------------------------25
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0
DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS--------------------------27
4.1
DATA ANALYSIS
--------------------------------------------------------31
4.2
CHART ANALYSIS ------------------------------------------------------37
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 SUMMARY OF FINDING,
CONCLUSION, AND ------------------43
RECOMMENDATION
--------------------------------------------------------43
5.1 SUMMARY OF RESULTS
----------------------------------------------43
5.2 CONCLUSION
------------------------------------------------------------44
5.3 RECOMMENDATION
---------------------------------------------------44
REFERENCE
---------------------------------------------------------------47
ABSTRACT
This project work is
generally limited to infant whose death were recorded at the central hospital
of Auchi, Etsako west local government area, Edo state. Mortality role of
infants is the death of infants between the ages zeo to four years 0-4. There are
other indirect ways of obtaining information on death (mortertality) rate.
Demographic study of infant mortality rate is what this project work focuses on
and the demographic study of infant mortality incudes CRUDE DEATH RATE (C.D.R)
and AGE SPECTFIC DEATH RATE (A S D R) and the respective chart
(Barchart/mulitiple chart) analysis.
CHAPTER ONE
1.0
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background Of
The Study
The idea of data collection on birth in Nigeria started in 1863 with the promulgation of
ordinance No21 that made provision for the census in Lagos
This project work is aimed at studying the time series on
infant mortality rate in government owned hospital Auchi, Edo
state from 2008/2011. This will enable us to know the trend of infant death
whether it is on the increase or decrease Adequate and reliable compilation and
measurement of mortality requires that the concepts of life and death be given
formal and appropriate definition. The question ‘when does life begin and end’?
Now probes our mind for statistical purpose. Three complimentary and mutually
exclusive categories will be identified and studied. There are live birth,
death and fated death.
The number of deaths in a particular situation or period of
time e.g. infant mortality rata, which is the numbers of babies that die at or
just after birth.
According to the united nations (UN) 1995, life birth is
the complete extraction of a product of conception irrespective of period of
pregnancy which after such separation, breath shows an evidence of life, such
as breathing of the heart, possession of the umbilical cord or definite
movement of voluntary muscles whether or not the umbilical cord has been cut
off (if the placenta is still attached
to each product of such birth) is considered as life born. The infant mortality
is one of the most important indicators of human development. According to
development report 1999, publication of the united nation development program
‘The infant mortality rate is defined as the age of nor years times 1000’ in
others words, that infant mortality is the numbers of infants per 1000 life
birth that are expected to die before, the end of the first year of life.
One of the advantages of using infant mortality as an
indicator of human development is that it illuminates mush of what other
traditional indicators such as per capital income and GNP seems to obscure.
Basically, women need to take proper care medically during
pregnancy and also a newborn infant needs adequate care after delivery. This is
being done in hospitals and hearth care service
centers. Hence, the need to carry out analysis on the rate of infant mortality becomes an enessentiality
in Auchi central hospital.
The statistical tool for analysis in this work is time
series analysis. The knowledge obtained from past and present attainment of data
will used to predict what will happen in the future to compare the rate of
change of infant mortality rate
1.2 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
Mush has been discussed about infant mortality rate some
people have the belief that there is a relationship between birth and death
while some others, are of the belief that these is no relationship existing
between them. The study, however, is aimed at knowing the trend of infant
mortality rate.
1.3 AIMS AND OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
The aims and objective of this study are as follow.
1. To get a better
understanding of the trend pattern of infant mortality rate and life birth in
Auchi community
2. To know it the rate of
infant mortality in the central hospital, Auchi is on the increase or decrease.
3. To help make appropriate
recommendation based on the findings and analysis made.
4. To test for relationship
between mortality rate and life birth
1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The significance of the project is to educate women on the
need to take this antedated check up regularly and sequentially, so as to
receive professional advise on how well to stay healthy and prevent any form of
loss of baby and such occasions incidental there off.
1.5 LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
Some constraints were faced or encountered by the researchers
during the cause of caring out his research. Financial needs to the study was a
major factor e.g. cost of transportation to the field chosen as case study was in undoubted on the high side. Time
constraints was another major factor. Also, the respondent may sometimes not available to provide answers to relevant
question and this may either make the researcher wait for some time or make a
revisit. Collecting reassembling the data another headache too. Although, the
management was friendly, still it was not easy coping with some of them.
1.6 DEFINITION OF TERMS
I. Post-Natal Death: This is the death that
occurs to children at four weeks through fifty one weeks of ages, or one month
through eleven months of age.
ii. Fatal Death: This refers to the number
of death that occurs among the population of a given geographical area during a
given period per 1000 of the total birth (life birth plus fatal death). It is
also prior to complete expulsion or extraction of foetus from its mother (a
product of conception) irrespective of the duration during the pregnancy.
iii. Birth Rate: This is the number of
birth per thousand of the population for a given year. It is normally crude
(undefined), because it summarizes all the relevant of time series data is for
the prediction of future phenomena that may/are likely to occur if certain
condition are not met.
COMPONENTS
OF TIME SERIES ANALYSIS
There are four major
components viz
i. Secular trend
ii. Cyclical variation
iii. Seasonal variation
iv. Irregular variation
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.0 INTRODUCTION
In this nature, a researcher is bound to look out for
necessary and available reading materials .in searching for literature on the
subject topic infant mortality rate, the researcher found that library shelves
and some relevant offices are gradually increasing stock of comments accounts
and reports on t his important issues. The researcher is therefore prompted to review some of the existing
literature in orders to add colour and beauty to the research topic.
2.1 NATURE OF DEMOGRAPHY
Demography, according to the oxford advanced learners
Dictionary ‘is the scientific study of the changes in numbers of birth disease,
death etc. in a community over a period of time’ demography is a science of
population. It has been defined as the natural and social history of the human
species or the mathematical knowledge of population of this general changes and
their physical, civil, intellectual and moral conditions.
According to Dudley kirk (1942) the word demography was
apparently first used by Achilles Galiard in clement Destatigue Human,
demographic compare in1853 its great origins are Demos (people) and Grappling
(to draw osr describe). This hence, talked about people or population and how
they are being represented or described. With this, Disk arrived at a
definition of demography as the ‘quantitative study of human population’
The narrow sense is that of formal demography which is
concerned with size, distribution structure and changes of the population. The
size is the total number of persons constituting the population. Distribution
relates to the arrangement of the population. In space at a given time i.e.
geographically. Structure relates to the distribution of the population among
its sex and age grouping. change refers to growth or decline of total
population or one of it structural units. The components of change in the total
population are birth, death and migration. Migration includes both emigration
and immigration. While in the broader sense demography includes additional
characteristics of the unit i.e. ethnic social and economic characteristic. Demography
basic materials are censuses vital statistics and increasing sample survey.
CHAPTER FIVE
1.0
SUMMARY OF RESULT,
FINDING, CONCLUSION AND
RECOMMENDATION
1.1
SUMMARY OF RESULT
The
term infant mortality rate has been defined as the death rate during the first
year of life. It is the death of infant between the Age Zero to Four Years
(1-4) Years per thousand population.
The
rate of infant death below 10-100 is considered as low rate while rate ranging
between 100-200 per thousand population is considered as medium. And infant
death rate above 200 per thousand population is considered very high rate.
In
this research work, it was shown that the average crude death rate of infants
for a period of four years was 7.76 which is approximately 8 infant per
thousand of the population and the rate is low. The Age specific death rate
(A.S.D.R) for the four years for age
<1 12="" 14.11="" 14="" 2008="" 7.76="" 8="" age="" approximately="" average.="" average="" c.d.r="" crude="" death="" for="" four="" highest="" infant="" is="" nbsp="" o:p="" of="" on="" per="" population="" rate="" specific="" the="" thousand.="" thousand="" was="" which="" while="" with="" year="" years="">
1.2
CONCLUSION
From
the result obtained in this research, it could be deduced that the infant
mortality rate is moderate because it falls between the range 10-100 infant per
thousand. Although the rate of infant mortality was 4 per thousand in 2010.
This indicates that drastic measures were employed by the Auchi Central
Hospital
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